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CHAPTER 1
MATCHING QUESTIONS
1. The purpose of this military project was to create a decentralized communication network. ARPANET
2. The first cross-platform, graphical user interface Web browser that fully exploited the Web's hypermedia capability. MOSAIC
3. Search engines that automatically go out to Web sites and add the contents of the Web sites they visited to their database. SPIDER-BASED
4. Private network accessible only by the people within the organization. INTERANET
5. Search engines that only catalog Web sites that have been registered or submitted. DIRECTORY-BASED
6. This allows people outside of the organization authorization to access specific areas of an internal network. EXTRANET
7. Working with more than one digitized media element. MULTIMEDIA
8. This person generally has a psychology background and is responsible for designing the onscreen elements with which the user will interact. INTERFACE DESIGNER
9. Way to provide solutions for companies, small or large, that wish to sell product or services through the Internet. E-COMMERCE
10. This person is responsible for forming a project, moving it into production, and overseeing its creation. PROJECT MANAGER
11. Small of work and example projects that can be shared with potential clients and employees. PORTFOLIO
12. This person is essentially a Web programmer who ensures that the Web site is operational. WEB DEVELOPER
FILL-IN QUESTIONS
1. At the most basic level, MULTIMEDIA means using more than one media.
2. INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA allows the people to directly respond to and control any or all of the media elements at the Web site.
3. The Internet grew out of a project called ARPANET started by the military on the 1960s.
4. SPIDER-BASED SEARCH ENGINES automatically go out to Web sites and add the contents of the Web sites they visited to their database.
5. The CONTENT SPECIALIST is responsible for providing some measure of authenticity or accuracy to the information at a Web site.
6. A compelling PORTFOLIO of some work and example projects to share with potential clients and employees will get you hired faster than a piece of paper.
7. Through online distance learning, professors become FACILITATORS and COACHES.
8. If the purpose of the multimedia Web sites is education or training, an INSTRUCTIONAL SPECIALIST may be needed.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1.How does multimedia aid learning?
each of us learnes differently and each of us is inspired by somthing different.when we use multimedia ,we are able to tap into these differences.research shows that people remember only 20 percent of what they see and 30 percent of what theyhear.when
people see it and hear it,they remember 50 percent .when people see it ,hear it,and interact whit it,they remember 80 percent.that's a big difference,which certainly supports the tremendous growth of -
is to use a variety of media elements to reinforce one idea.in other words,use multiple media to direct the user's attention to one concept or idea.
2.What are the four Web-based multimedia applications? How do these applications aid users?
hyperlinks allow users access to resources from around the globe.
graphics and animation convey information,reinforce content,and guide the user.
audio and video clips involve additional senses,thereby improving understanding and giving depth to a flat page.
software packages empower users to create web pages whit multimedia elements for online games ,interactive forms,electronic magazines,reference materials,entertainment,and more.
3.What is the difference between a spider-based search engine and a directory-based search engine? When would you use each?
spider -based search engines :automatically go out to web sites and
add the contents of the web sites they visit to their database.you should use a spider -based search engines if you are attempting to locate everything you possibly can about a very narrow subject.
directory-based search engines only catalog websites that have been registered or submitted .in addition ,many directory-based search engines are selective .consequently ,your website may or may not be included in the data base of directory-based search engines.if your topic is broad and you are afraid you might get more hits thav you can possibly review ,then consider using a directory-based search engine such as yahoo.
4.How do Web developers, Web designers, and Web masters differ?
Webmaster: Webmasters are responsible for designing, developing and maintaining Web sites. They convert multimedia applications to Web pages or create Web pages with multimedia elements. They are also responsible for understanding and becoming skilled in new Web tools and technology. They may write scripts. They are also responsible for making sure the Web page is technically correct and functional on Web server. The webmaster is the foundation of any project one the internet.
Web Designer: this person will develop or refine a design process and efficiency creates a cohesive and well-planned web site from the front-end. The Web designer is both artist and technician and needs a talent and eye for creating and effective color scheme and layout. The web designer must also possess the ability to ensure that all of the multimedia elements on the Web site (graphics, animation, video, etc.) are high quality and consistent with the purpose and goals of the overall theme of the site.
Web developer: The Web developer ensures that everything is operational. This person is essentially a Web programmer with skills in a variety of web base programming languages. The Web developer ensures that the communication between the front-end of the Web site and the back-end of the Web site is working. It is responsibility of the Web developer to make sure that this data is properly verified and transmitted.
5.What are some practical applications of a portfolio? What should be included in a portfolio?
CHAPTER 2
MATCHING QUESTIONS
1. Using this navigation structure, user must return to the home page to go to the other pages of the Web sites. HUB AND SPOKES
2. The blueprint around which a consistent and functional Web site is developed. WEB ARCHITECTURE
3. This will help you define your target audience. USER PROFILE
4. A summery of design strategy. CREATIVE BRIEF
5. Category of Web site that includes little or no interactivity. STATIC
6. Organizational structure in which there are links from one discrete piece of information to another. NONLINEAR
7. To help ensure that your Web site evolves into a product that effectively achieves its purpose for its intended audience, you should develop one of these. DESIGN STRATEGY
8. Web sites that use an internal search engine have this type of organizational structure. DATABASE-DRIVEN
9. Macromedia Dreamweaver and Adobe GoLive generate these for you. SITE MAP
10. Diagrams of the layout of each page of the site. STORYBOARDS
11. Navigational structure that divides a screen into multiple Web pages. FRAMS
12. Navigational structure that prompts users for data upon entry to the Web site. DIRECTED
FILL-IN QUESTIONS
1. The DESIGN STRATEGY will help ensure that your Web site evolves into a product that effectively achieves its purpose for the intended audience.
2. A succinct PURPOSE is crucial to the success of the Web site.
3. Always take a USER CENTRAL APPROACH when you are establishing the purpose and objectives of the multimedia Web site.
4. There are different ways to create a USER PROFILE. You can use online surveys, in-person interviews, or even observation fro office or home visits.
5. This method is something referred to as the TREE METHOD or a GOPHER STYLE approach, where users start at the top and burrow down until they locate the information they need.
6. FLOWCHARTS provide a visual guide for your entire Web site.
7. The LINK MAP serves as a schematic that illustrates the interconnectivity of Web pages within the site as well as the links to external sites and all of the multimedia elements (graphics, animation, sound, and video) included within the Web site.
8. The HIERARCHICAL method organizes data using a top-down approach.
9. Wholesalers often use dynamic Web sites to distribute goods via EXTRANETS to fill supplier, customer, and consumer orders.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1.Why is it important to plan a multimedia Web site?
the more complex and interactive your website becomes the more important the planning becomes. a plan provides the structure for the other phases of the project. in essence, the plan is the blueprint around which a consistent and functional website is develop. this blue print include the purpose, the target audience, the organization and navigational structures, the multimedia elements, the user interface, the lay out, and design. It insures that users know where to go and what to do. And it helps guaranty that the users experience is positive so that they want go return to the site.
2.As part of the design strategy, what are some questions you should ask your clients?
What is the nature of your business?
why do you want to do with your website?
what would you like it to do for you?!
do you want to sell something on this site and if so, what?
how many products do you wish to promote on this site?
will you have a need for any secure transactions?
how do you plan to support this site?
is there any thing special that you want to be included in this website?
3.What are some questions that should be answered when developing a user profile?
Who is my target audience?
What age is my target audience?
What gender is my target audience?
How computer literate is my target audience?
What particular interests, beliefs & values do my target audience members have in common?
Where do they go to access the web?
Why do they use teh web?
What type of web sites do they frequent?
How do they spend their time online?
How do they spend their time offline?
4.What is the difference between static and dynamic Web sites?
A static web site serves the purpose of self-branding. In other words, theyre most often designed to promote or provide information about a department a business, a corporation, and organization, an idea or a belief. Theres no interactivity or little.
Theyre really not more than a company brochure, but Dynamic web sites provide information and offer some form of interactivity such as email, search, questionnaires ,and offer processing(credit card purchasing) in addition ,users are often able to customize the site to meet their own personal needs.
5.What are the different types of organizational structures?
Database-driven
hierarchical
Nonlinear
Linear
6.How are the planning documents used to develop the multimedia Web site?
Planning documents-including flowcharts, site maps, link maps, and storyboards-are key to the certain and maintenance of a successful multimedia Web site. Also these documents may need to be altered as work on the project progress, they serve as a point of departure for the multimedia team. These planning documents also provide the multimedia team with a lasting reference that will help them maintain a focus so that the goal of the project doesnt get lost in the creative process. As Web sites grow, larger and more complex, the planning documents used to establish the scope and feel of the site become increasingly important.
7.What are the different types of navigational structures?
Frames
Hub and Spoks Navigation Structure
Navigation Bar
Search Navigation Structure
Directed Navigation
8.How does copyright law apply to multimedia elements on Web sites?
Copyright law protects all art forms, including electronic art forms. Fonts, drawings, photographs, sound files, video clips, and maps are some of the items that are subject to copyright law.
CHAPTER 3
MATCHING QUESTIONS
1.Fonts that are more consistent from one computer screen to another. TRUETYPE
2.The physical traits of a font. TYPEFACE
3.Fonts that have feet or short lines at the ends of the strokes of the letter. SERIF
4.Fonts in witch each character takes up the exact same amount of horizontal space. MONOSAPCED
5.Style that should be avoided because it pixelates on the computer screen. ITALICS
6.Fonts that are generally considered to be more contemporary and modern. SANS SERIF
7.Style that should be reserved for hyperlinks. UNDERLINE
8.The communication of a message fonts and type faces. TYPOGRAPHY
9.The amount of space between characters. KERNING
10.A universal set of 16 colors shared by all browsers. WEB-SAFE COLOR PALETTE
11.File format that requires a reader in order to be displayed. PDF
12.Set of type specifications that can be applied to a block of text, a single web page or an entire web site. CSS
FILL-IN QUESTIONS
1. With CSS you can control basic typographic needs such as typeface, leading, kerning, font size, color, and alignment, giving you control over type that isnt provide in basic HTML.
2. The biggest disadvantage of INLINE STYLES is that they have to be added every time you want to use them.
3. Browsers recognize and use the styles from an EMBEDDED STYLE SHEET throughout the entire web page.
4. The GAMMA SETTINGS influence how bridge items on the screen appear.
5. -----------------------was established to enable cross-platform distribution of functional text, not for visually appealing typography.
6. Because the type of printer connected to computers significantly differs, PRINTER FONTS may not be available from one computer to another .
7. The Fonts folder is located under FONTS folder on the pc and under the SYSTEM folder on a Mac.
8. ACROBAT READER is the must common portable document application and reader used on the web.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1.How is typography used on the Web?
Good typogeraphy is as important on a webpage as it is on paper it should be easy to reed and visually pleasing.
Although the end results need to be the same, print typography and web typogeraphy are two entirely different animals. Designing for different computer screens of various sizes and resolutions carries with it a unique set of issues.
In addition, the variety of browsers and platforms being used by the web community makes designing with type an even greater challenge.
2.What are some of the differences between print typography and Web typography?
Printed copy doesnt always appear as shown on screen. The printer may not properly colibrated and the color may be off or the text may bleed on paper.
3.What are some of the different ways in which fonts are categorized?
The wonderful world of fonts is somewhats muddled and confiousing.
You must understand many issues to effectively control fonts on the web, including that users dont necessarily have the fonts that you specify installed on their computers. This means that if you use fonts haphazardly without an understanding of the issues presented below, what you see on the screen may not be anything close to what your users see on their screens. There are different categories of fonts, true type fonts are more consistent from computer to computer than are screen fonts and printer fonts. True type fonts come with the application software or the operating system software used on a particular platform such as mac or pc. Printer fonts are fonts that are specific to the printer, or printers connected to the computer. Because the type of the printer connected to the computer significantly differs, printer fonts maynot be available from one computer to another. Screen fonts are dependent upon the monitor and come with the software for the particular monitor being used. They may not appear the same from one computer to another.
4.What are some of the factors that you should consider when selecting a font for use on a Web page?
From a web designer perspective, you need the realize that all computer users will have a different set of fonts installed on their machines. MAC and windows users will have a different set of installed fonts on their computers because these two platforms use different operating systems that come with a different set of fonts. Even users with the same platforms may have different fonts installed on their computers. Most software programs come with fonts and users rarely have the exact same software installed on their machines.
When you design a webpage for internet community the minimum list of fonts should contain the windows and MAC true type equivalents. A comma-separated list of fonts can be placed after the FONT FACE tag. And the browser will use the first installed font from the list. If none of the type-faces in the list are available, the browser will use the default font. If you rarely feel that you must use a font other than true type fonts, specify the font you wish to use first in the list followed by fonts that could serve as near equivalents.
5.List and describe the different type design features. How can these different type design features be used to enhance a Web page?
TYPEFACE
Slight differences between two typefaces can create vast differences in the look and feel of a web site.
SERIF V. SANS SERIF
Fonts are also classified ass either serif or sans serif. Serif fonts have feet or short lines at ends of strikes of the letter, whereas sans serif fonts do not. Sans serif fonts should be used for headings, titles and callouts because they are more likely to draw attention. They are also considered more recognizable at glance than serif fonts, which make them perfect for short bits of text. Serif fonts tend to be more traditional appearing fonts, do they are great for web sites that want to set a conservative tone, whereas sans serif fonts tend to be more contemporary and modern appearing.
MONOSPACED V. PROPORTIONAL
Mono space fonts are those in which each character takes up the exact same amount of horizontal space. Monosoaced fonts were used on typewriters and therefore tend to appear old-fashioned. They are rarely used on web pages. Most of the fonts that are available
STYLE
We use italics, bold, and underline to modify the typeface. On the web, however these three simple styles dont always achieve the same effect.
SIZE
This difference in font rendering can have a major impact in your web pages
SPACING
Kerning is the term used to specify the amount of space between characters. Leading is the amount of space between lines of text. Kerning and leading are dependent upon the font size and the use of the text, and are important in marking text readable.
COLOR
Contrasts between test colors can also be used to create hierarchy of importance.
LINE LENGTH
Long lines of text are difficult to read
ALIGNMENT
The first thing your reader will notice id overall pattern and contrast of the web page, not the title or details.
6.What are cascading style sheets?
Cascading style sheets are a set of type specifications that can be applied to a block of text, to a single web page, or to an entire web site. CSS lets you control basic typographic needs such as typeface, leading, kerning, font size, color, and alignment giving you control over type that isnt provided in basic HTML.
7.What are the four different types of cascading style sheets and when would it be appropriate to use each type?
EMBEDDED
When you use an embedded or internal style all of the style all of the style information appears at the top of the HTML document and separated from the of the HTML code .The TYPE=text/css attribute and the comment tags (<!and -->) allow older browser that dont support CSS to ignore the style sheet code.
LINKED
Linked styles direct multiple HTML files to one common style sheet document.
IMPORTED
By using an imported style sheet you get the benefits of linking and you can use the other types of styles as well. This, allow you to use one style sheet that you can override using inline and embedded styles.
8.How can graphic-based typography be useful on the Web?
Graphic files are much larger than text files and converting entire paragraphs of body copy to graphics is an unreasonable proposition. However, converting logos, headings, and title to graphics works great. In fact, this is one of the best options to use if you really must have a particular font.
9.What is a PDF file and what are some advantages and disadvantages of using PDF files on the Web?
The Portal Document Format (PDF) was developed so that documents could be transported and viewed without the requirement that the users viewing the documents own or have access to software with which the document was created. For this to work, users instead need a reader that enables them to view the document in its original layout with all of the proper fonts and graphics included. Because of PDF files require PDF readers in order to be displayed; these files always look as they were designed to look. They handle any font and any layout, and can be viewed form any type of computer. This makes this file format extremely versatile. If the reader isnt already available .it has to be downloaded and installed. Unlike content within HTML files, search engines dont catalog the contents of PDF files. This means that content within PDF isnt likely to be returned as a hit from a keyword search. The PDF format isnt a subtitle for HTML content, but it is a great option for distributing any file that needs to maintain its original formatting or that might need to be printed.
CHAPTER 4
MATCHING QUESTIONS
1. Measures the number of bits of stored information per pixel or how many tones or colors every pixel in a bitmap can have. COLOR RESOLUTION
2. The process of assigning surface properties such as color texture and finish to an object. SHADING
3. The process of converting images into a format that the computer can recognize and manipulate. Converting the image into a series of binary data or 1s and 0s. DIGITIZING
4. The amount of information stored for each image. IMAGE RESOLUTION
5. Web graphic file format that supports variable transparency and gamma correction. PNG
6. Graphic that contains more than one trigger. IMAGE MAP
7. The process of capturing a view of a 3d scene and saving as a 2d image. RENDERING
8. Web graphic file format that is best used for continuous tone images such as photographs. JPEG
9. The process of converting vector based image to pixels or a bitmapped file format. RASTERIZING
10. Clickable graphics that enable you to link to other locations within t he same web site or outside of it. HYPERGRAPHICS
11. Add-on features that enhance the capabilities of programs. PLUG_INS
12. Special effects applied to an image or part of an image. FILTERS
FILL-IN QUESTIONS
1. By adding depth to TWO-DIMENSIONAL flat images, they become THREE-DIMENSIONAL images.
2. COMPRESSION is simply an algorithm that is used to create smaller file sizes. There are two types of compression: LOSSLESS and LOSSY.
3. Most graphic editors contain a TOOL PLATTE from which you can select different tools for drawing and painting.
4. When you use a drawing program the resulting graphic is VECTOR IMAGE.
5. Each time items on screen change the entire screen must be redrawn. This is called the REFRESH RATE.
6. The position and orientation of a camera is called a VIEWPOINT.
7. There are many sources of still images. In fact there are COMMERCIAL IMAGE PROVIDERS or STOCK PHOTOGRAPHY HOUSES whose entire business is to find and sell the rights to images.
8. ROYALTY FREE images can be manipulated and used without permission from the artist and without having to pay the artist any royalties for using them.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1.What are three different technologies used to capture digital images? How are these three technologies different?
a)scanner digitize already-developed images ,including photographs and drawing . after these image are converted to a digital format they can be interpreted and recognized by the microprocessor of the computer. Page-fed scanner have a slot through witch a sheet of paper is fed. These scanner are generally set up to digitize page of text using optical character recognition (OCR) software. Slide scanner are also available to digital image.
b)Digital camera allow you to take picture just as you would with a regular camera ,but without film developing and processing .unlike regular camera ,photograph are not stored on film but are instead stored in a digital format in memory.
the photographs can be immediately recognized by the computer and added to any web page.
photograph can be used on web pages to reference real people ,places ,and events. digital camera are generally small and lightweight .they are easy to use and include many of the same feature that are found on a regular camera. feature such as auto focus and auto flash make using a digital camera a snap. transferring the photo to the computer is also quite simple. by connecting the camera to a port on the computer and using the software that come with the camera ,you can easily transfer the images to any computer .
c)Digital video camera can also be used to capture frames of video or still images. while regular camcorders store video on film ,digital video camera store image as digital data .similar to digital cameras ,images from digital video cameras can be transferred directly onto the web page being created . digital video cameras are usually a more expensive means of getting images into your computer than a digital camera ; however ,good option is to purchase one device that will take both still and video image .the truth is that you need a way to put custom graphics on your pages.
2.What is the difference between paint programs and draw programs? How are bitmapped graphics different from vector-based graphics?
when you use a paint program the image you create is considered a bitmapped image .Bit-mapped image are stored in memory as pixels .pixel records the location and color value on a bitmap in memory .Paint programs enable you to edit images at the pixel level .this means that they can be used to accomplish effects such as touching up pixel and changing colors in photographs .in addition ,paint programs are typically easier to learn and use than drawing programs. although paint programs are easier to use than drawing program that work with vector graphics , bitmapped images are not as flexible as vector graphics .because bitmapped image are pixel-based ,when you enlarge these images the squares simply get bigger. when you reduce the size of a bitmapped image ,the opposite occurs . pixels become smaller ,therefore ,there are more of them per inch .although this increased resolution is aesthetically pleasing ,it may create an unnecessarily large file size ,which may pose problems when downloading graphics on web page .
Drawing program excel as art production and illustration tools for creating original artwork .when you use a drawing program, the resulting graphic is vector based .Unlike bitmapped graphics ,vector based graphics are created and recreated from mathematical models. Vector based graphics can be resized or contorted without losing the quality of the image. in general they also require less memory .because vector graphics are more versatile and more precise than bitmapped images professionals in art and drafting often use them .in addition to drawing programs ,most 3-D graphics programs and computer-aided design (cad)programs also produce vector graphics.
3.How do staircasing or jaggies occur? What can be done to prevent this?
Enlarging an image too much may result in staircasing, or jaggies. Jaggies are the stairstep-shaped edges that result when you enlarge a bitmapped image too much.
4.What is the difference between lossy and lossless compression?
With lossless compression, none of the data is actually lost during compression .Instead, mathematical algorithms eliminates redundant data. If there isnt a lot of redundant data, the file size may not be significantly reduced. In fact, in some instances file size will actually be increased. Many graphic formats and compression utilities, such as WinZip and StuffIt, use lossless compression.
In lossy compression, some of the data is actually lost. The idea behind lossy compressions that some of the data isn't important to an image and therefore that data is expandable for example notice how the color palette changes when the file is saved using lossy compression in figure 4-22. The colors that aren't needed within the image are expandable, and although this decreases the size of the file, it doesn't impact the quality of the image.
The advantage to using lossy compression is that it offers greater image compression than lossless compression. For this reason, it is very popular with multimedia professionals, particularly when images are delivered over the web.
5.How do layers help you create special effects in image editing programs?
Layers Another wonderful feature of image-editing programs is their capability to add layers. Layers are different levels in a document. For example, in every Photoshop document there are at least two layers, a background layer and a foreground layer. When pixels appear on a layer, the layer is opaque; otherwise it is transparent and the background or previous layer is allowed to show through. On each layer you can draw, paste images, or reposition artwork without affecting the pixels on any other layer. To create really interesting effects you can continue to add layers until your computer runs out of memory.
6.How can a 3-D image be created on a flat screen?
In creation 3D objects, geometry forms or wire-frame models serve as basic building blocks.
7.How do color resolution and image resolution affect image quality?
Color resolution measures the number of bits of stored information per pixel or how many tones or colors every pixel in a bitmap can have.
An image with a greater color resolution will be more colorful and of higher photographic quality. While 32-bit color depth will produce a higher quality image, bits must be stored for every pixel .
Image resolution refers to the amount of information stored for each image. Image resolution is typically measured in pixels per inch (ppi). Image must be at a minimum resolution to avoid a pixelated or out-of-focus appearance .A high image resolution is extremely important if a graphic is to be printed. However, computer monitors cannot display more than 72 ppi. Therefore web graphics should be set to 72 ppi. Setting web graphics any higher than 72ppi only makes them larger both in the size and on screen. When deciding upon an appropriate resolution for your image, keep in mind that although a higher resolution will display a superior image, it will also result in a larger file size. This means the file will require more storage space and it will take longer to display. In other words, there is a trade-off for higher-resolution images.
8. What are the advantages of each of the different Web graphic file formats and when would you use each of these formats?
Web graphic images may be stored in several different file formats. The GIF format uses lossless compression and supports 256 colors, transparency, and interlacing. It is best for solid-color images. The JPEG format uses lossy compression. It supports millions of colors and interlacing. The JPEG format is used for photographs and other continuous-tone images. The PNG format uses lossless compression and supports both 8-bit and 32-bit color. It also offers variable transparency and interlacing, as well as gamma-correction capabilities.
CHAPTER 5
MATCHING QUESTIONS
1. Digital animation is based on the approach where a sequence of slightly different visual images is compressed and then played back to convey a sense of motion. FILEBOOK
2. The process of filling in the frames between the key frames to make the animation appear fluid. TWEENING
3. the actual number of different images the occur per second. SAMPLING RATE
4. A moving graphic image. ANIMATION
5. In Macromedia Director, this Is where the action takes place. STAGE
6. This occurs when the illusion of motion fails. FLICKER
7. A special technique that uses frames to create the illusion of one object changing to another. MORPHING
8. This is another name for morphing. SHAPE TWEENING
9. These are the basic elements of any Director movie. CAST MEMBERS
10. Type of animation that follows an objects transition over a line or vector. PATH-BASED
11. Tiny applications created with java. APPLETS
12. This ties all of the animation elements together and contains all of the animation controls. SCORE
FILL-IN QUESTIONS
1. When the animated GIF is viewed on the web, the multiple images are , or played one at a time.
2. In multimedia applications digital animation is usually created using the FLIP BOOK in which a sequence of slightly different visual image is compressed and then played back to convey a sense of motion.
3. The SAMPLING RATE is the actual number of different images that occur per second. The PLAY BACK rate is the number of images per second displayed in the viewing process.
4. FRAME-BASED animation is also called cell animation. Using this creation method KEY FRAMES that describe a key event in the timeline of the animation, are created on cells or frames.
5. Path-based animation is also called VECTOR ANIMATION. It creates animated object by following an objects transition over a line or vector.
6. Using programming languages to create animations is also quit common and is often referred to as SCRIPT-BASED ANIMATION.
7. Most animation programs include a ANIMATION ENGINE that enables you to compile still images to animated objects. Most of these animation packages also include a CODEC (compressor/decompressor) as part of the compiler.
8. In Director, CHANNELS represent different activities that will take place in the animated movie.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1.Why are scripts and storyboards important to the animation specialist?
the animationsspecialist refers to the storyboards and
planning documents to desin animations that are consistent
with the goals and purpose of the web site.
storyboard help the animation specialist to visualize the application
and workout problems before the application is developed.
this keeps the creative proseccfrom being halted in order to
work out a problem that should have beenresolved
before prodution began .
if there are animated charecter online the animation specialist
will need scripts for the charecters so that dialog within the animated
is tailored to the aidience.
if the web site is interactive teh animation specialist needs to refer to flowcharts.
flowcharts illustrate the desin making proseccthat results as user making choise.
for example a game may require that a player choise between door number 1
and door number 2.the flowchare wiil illustrate two braches from this
decision.animation must careated and correctly sequenced regurdless
of wether user choise door 1 or door 2 .thus animation specialist
depend on flowchatrs to assist them as the prepare animation
for the multitued of possibilites that often exist within a web site .
2.What are some of the different methods used to create animation? How would you describe each of these methods?
Frame-based animations is also called cell animation.
using this craetion method key farme that describe key events
in the tiome line of the animation are created on cells or frames .
Tweening the process of filling in the prosces of filling in the frame be-tween the the kay fram
is then use the animation fluid.this requre a running rate of at least 12 fram per secend.
path-based animation is also called vector animation.this type of animation
creates animated objects by following an object's transaction over a line or vector
more speciffically,it tracks the beginning,direction,and length that an object travels
the path the line takes can be straight, curved or jagged. with path-based animation, the artist
creates only one drawing and a path. the computer program manipulates this object by drawing the
frames as the object travels over the path.
most program allow you to combine frame-based and path-based animation. typically, the animated object
is created using frame-based techniques.it is then moved along a path using path-based animation.
using programmig languages ti create animation is also quite common; it is often refered to as script-based
animation. by using a sometimes=elaborate set of program commands,frames can be substituded for other frames
thereby creating a sequence of movement or animation. script-based animations are often more flexible than the
others. in addition ,script-based animation programs can be easily modified for new images.
3.Why is Java considered more versatile than some of the other programming languages used to create animation?
java enables developers to create tiny little applicatons called applets taht are non-platform speciffic.because
they are usually quite small, it is easy for java applets totravelacross networks. in addition,because these applets
can function on any computer platform with any operating system, they are extremly versatile. developers can write ptogram
that will run on a PC,a MAc,and a high-end UNIX workstation.these features make java ideal for use on the web.
Even nonprogrammera are learning java because of its potential benefits and applications.
java is also highly effective in creating advanced animated objects. this is because, in addition to the benefits listed above
animation created with java is computational.computational animation can react to outside forces or external input. for example
some developers are including plug-ins with java applets. this means the applet can be viewed on the web even if users don't have
the proper configuration setup on their computers.
4.What are some of the key features found in Macromedia Fireworks, Director, and Flash?
FIRE WORKS
Macromedia Fireworks is a solution for professional Web graphics design and production. This tool includes features that enable developer and designers to quickly and easily create animation.
Fireworks combines both bitmap and vector-editing tools within a single environment. In addition, it enables you to easily import files from digital cameras, scanners, and other graphics applications. Upon import, everything remains editable until you are ready to convert the complete piece to an animated GIF.
Fireworks uses a frame-based environment that allow you to create and optimize GIF animations using features such as tweening and onion skinning.
Fireworks also writes JavaScript code through the use of behaviors.
DIRECTOR
Macromedia Director is the industry-leading program for creating interactive multimedia animation and entertainment applications for the Web. Director enables you to create either simple or extremely sophisticated animated sequences. Techniques within Director enables you to combine media elements such as graphics, sound, and video to create fully animated and unique production.
FLASH
Macromedia Flash is an excellent choice for producing and delivering gorgeous high-impact Web animation with resounding musical tracks and sound effects. Unlike many animations tools that only allow you to work with vector graphics to create incredibly smooth, compact animation, as well as work with bitmapped graphics. the drawing tools in flash enable you to create an array of brilliant
effects.alternatively, you can import artwork from drawing programs such as adobe
Illustrator and Macromedia freehand.flash includes actions that enable web developers
to create customizable and enganging interactivity without writing complex code.
5.What are some of the key features of Adobe ImageReady and LiveMotion?
IMAGEREADY is packed with adobe photoshop and is specifically
desined for the production of superior web graphics and animation.
adobe iamge ready enable developers to create inter active rollver efects
withuot writnig a sijngle line of java script code.
by slicing an image and associating rollver behaviors to the
defferent slice of the image ,you can make a specific area
of na image change when you click press or rool over the area
with your mouse .
Image ready is a pefect soloution for production animated GIFs.
to create animation in image ready you simply open a multilayred or illustrator
file and then create the new frames or edit the layers in image ready.
each layer become a seprat object or frame within the animation .
some chane in layers are reflected in each frame .
LIVEMOTION enable the developers to creat web animation compelet with suond
and interactivity .gain adobe has attemped to mantain consistency throughout its
product line .
if you have used other adibe produts you will feel comfortable with livemotion
becausec it share a common interface user with many other adobe products.
live motion can create both vector and raster in one application.
live notio9n provides integrated drawing tools .live motion supports
photo shop files .let you add efect interactivly
and animation and to reviwe evrything without laevin the program.
6.What are some shareware programs available for creating Web animation?
GIF CONSTRACTION SET : if you are a windows user
you can create web animation by using the GIF constraction set Alchemy mindwork.
this state of the art program provides alot of nominal fee.
it includes an animation wizard that will assembel your original graghic effortlessly
and have you creating sophisticated animation in no time .
a supercompressor will make yor GIF files very tiny and therfore quick t down load .
you can also convert your animated gift to AVI or MNG .
GIFMATIO is a quality cross-plarforme GIF animation .
it ofers an expansive feature set and an intutive ,easy-to-use interface that
allows you to easliy create highly optimized GIF animation for youtr web pages.
7.What are some of the different animation file formats for the Web?
ANIMATED GIFT
AVI
DCR
MNG
MPEG
QUICKTIME(MOV)
SWF
8.What are some of the advantages or key features of each of these file formats?
DCR:
Files with a DCR extention are considered shockwave content files.When a file is saved
in dcr format ,all of the information needed to edit the file is removed.The file is for viewing
only and in order to be viewed,the shockwave player must be installed.The shockwave player will play
a DCR file as a stand-alone application both inside a web browser and outside.
MNG:
MNG stands for Multiple image network graphics.Similar to an animated GIF,this file format
stores multiple images that are streamedfor quick download and playback.MNG supports alpha channel
transparency,which permits subtle changes in opacity for the creation of animation that is more professional
in appearance.It also offers platform-independant color correction,so that animation will display accuratly across multiple
platforms.It also offers better compression than the GIF89a format.
MPEG:
MPEG is the name given to the entire family of standards used for coding audiovisual
information(e.g.,animation movies,video,music)in a digital compressed format.The major advantage of MPEG files is that MPEG
file tend to be much smaller and of much higher quality for the size.This is becuase MPEG uses very sophisticated compression
techniques.
QuickTime (MOV):
QuickTime(MOV) is Apple's animation and movie file format.Quicktime animation is non-platform specific.Quicktime files can either be
downloaded or streamed for quicker viewing. MOV is among the most convenient and powerful formats for soring animation.The Quicktime
files are viwed with quicktime plug-in.
SWF:
The SWF ("swiff") file format was designed from the ground up to efficiently deliver graphics and animation over the web.
It is a compressed Macromedia Flash or shockwave Flash type.Because SWF files are small and because they support streaming,they can be delivered
over a network with limited bandwidth.This file foramt is for viewing only and their contents can
not be edited.To view SWF files,flass player ,must be installed on the viwer's computer.
Animated GIF:
Animated Gifs are a special kind of gif files known as GIF89a.This format can be used to create animated two-dimentional and three dimentional
images for web pages.An animated GIF file stores multiple images as seprerate blocks within a single GIF file.Animated GIF are very efficient
becuase the the viewer does not have to wait for the entire GIF to be downloaded before it begins running on the web page.Animated Gif
supports no plug-in and most major browsers support them.you can include GIFs in web pages without concerning compatibility or user accessibility.
AVI:
AVI or the Video for windows is Microsoft's animation and movie format.Although the quality of AVI files is adequate,they don't offer
the sophisticated managment features and cross platform compatibility found in some of the other formats such as Qucitime.This means these files may
take longer to download.conversion programs do exist to convert animation files from AVI to other
formats.
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