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What is the sys analysis & sys design?How the IS analysis differ from IS design?
Systems analysis – a problem-solving technique that decomposes a system into its component pieces for the purpose of studying how well those component parts work and interact to accomplish their purpose.
Systems design – a complementary problem-solving technique (to systems analysis) that reassembles a system’s component pieces back into a complete system—hopefully, an improved system. This may involves adding, deleting, and changing pieces relative to the original system.
Information systems analysis – those development phases in an information systems development project the primarily focus on the business problem and requirements, independent of any technology that can or will be used to implement a solution to that problem.
Whose concerns are addressed by sys analysis?
Sys analysis is driven by the business concerns of SYS OWNERS and SYS USERS. It addresses the KNOWLEGDE, PROCESS, and COMMUNICATIONS building blocks from SYS OWNERS and SYS USERS perspectives
What role does the repository play in sys analysis?
Repository – a location (or set of locations) where systems analysts, systems designers, and system builders keep all of the documentation associated with one or more systems or projects.
Differentiate between model-driven analysis and accelerated analysis approaches.When can they be used in complementary fashion?
Model-driven analysis – a problem-solving approach that emphasizes the drawing of pictorial system models to document and validate both existing and/or proposed systems. Ultimately, the system model becomes the blueprint for designing and constructing an improved system.
Accelerated systems analysis approaches emphasize the construction of prototypes to more rapidly identify business and user requirements for a new system.
For last part: The answer will come later
Differentiate between structured analysis and information engineering.
Structured analysis – a model-driven, process-centered technique used to either analyze an existing system, define business requirements for a new system, or both. The models are pictures that illustrate the system’s component pieces: processes and their associated inputs, outputs, and files.
Information engineering (IE) – a model-driven and data-centered, but process-sensitive technique for planning, analyzing, and designing information systems. IE models are pictures that illustrate and synchronize the system’s data and processes
What is object-oriented analysis?How similar to and differ from modern structured analysis and information engineering?
Object-oriented analysis (OOA) – a model-driven technique that integrates data and process concerns into constructs called objects. OOA models are pictures that illustrate the system’s objects from various perspectives such as structure and behavior, and interactions of the objects.
Modern Driven Analysis & Information Engineering has been described above.
What is discovery-prototyping?Is it an alternative to model-driven development?
Discovery prototyping – a technique used to identify the users’ business requirements by having them react to a quick-and-dirty implementation of those requirements. It cannot be replaced with model-driven development because you cannot prototype without some amount of formal design. because you must omit most of the detail of the real sys.
What is rapid architected analysis and how does it differ from model-driven analysis?
Rapid architected analysis – an approach that attempts to derive system models (as described earlier in this section) from existing systems or discovery prototypes.
Model-driven analysis – a problem-solving approach that emphasizes the drawing of pictorial system models to document and validate both existing and/or proposed systems. Ultimately, the system model becomes the blueprint for designing and constructing an improved system.
What is reverse engineering and what role can it play in sys analysis?
Reverse engineering – the use of technology that reads the program code for an existing database, application program, and/or user interface and automatically generates the equivalent system model.
Rapid architected analysis is made possible by reverse engineering.
Describe 2 approaches to requirement discovery: Why it is not an alternate for model-driven and accelerated analysis approaches?
1. Fact-finding – the process of collecting information about system problems, opportunities, solution requirements, and priorities.
2. Joint requirements planning (JRP) – the use of facilitated workshops to bring together all of the system owners, users, and analysts, and some systems designer and builders to jointly perform systems analysis
Because JRP provide environment for accelerate all sys analysis tasks and deliverables. JRP is used to conjunction with model-driven analysis approaches.
What is business process redesign?What is the role of sys analysis in BPR?
Business process redesign (BPR) – the application of systems analysis methods to the goal of dramatically changing and improving the fundamental business processes of an organization, independent of information technology.
BPR is become common in IS projects based on purchase and integration of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) software which requires that a business adapt it’s business process to fit the software and the sys analyst is usually a part of this project.
List and describe the purpose of 5 phases of sys analysis.
Scope Definition Phase:Is the project worth looking at?
Problem Analysis Phase:Is a new system worth building?
Requirements Analysis Phase:What do the users need and want from the new system?
Logical Design Phase:What must the new system do?
Decision Analysis Phase:What is the best solution?
What question is addressed during scope definition?How might the IS building blocks be used to identify the general level of understanding required for the phase?
(a)“Is the project worth looking at?” (b)The final deliverable for preliminary investigation phase is completion of a PROJECT CHAPTER which defines the Prj scope, plan, methodology, standards, and so. Completion of the Prj Chapter represent the first milestone.
List the tasks required to complete the scope definition phase.
1.Identify baseline problems and opportunities.
2.Negotiate baseline scope.
3.Assess baseline project worthiness.
4.Develope baseline schedule and budget.
5.Communicate the project plan
What questions is addressed during problem analysis?How might the IS building blocks used to analyze problems & opportunities during the problem analysis phase?
(a)“Are the problems really worth solving?” & “Is a new sys really worth building?”
(b)We build on lists created in the preliminary investigation phase to analyze the KNOWLEDGE, PROCESS, and COMMUNICATIONS building blocks of the existing sys. We imply minimal sys modeling. We use the PIECES framework to analyze each building block of problems, causes, and effects.
List the tasks required to complete the problem analysis phase.
1.Understand the problem domain 2.Analyse problems and opportunities
3.Analyse business processes 4.Establish sys improvement objectives
5.Update or refine the Prj plan 6.Communicate findings and recommendations
What is cause-and-effect analysis?What is the risk of not performing it?
Cause-and-effect analysis – a technique in which problems are studied to determine their causes and effects.
In practice, effects can be symptomatic of more deeply rooted or basic problems which, in turn, must be analyzed for causes and effects until such a time as the causes and effects do not yield symptoms of other problems.
Name 2 situations where business process redesign might be perform in the context of a traditional IS development Prj.
1.Analyze Business Process 2.Establish Sys Improvement Objectives
Differentiate between an Objective and a Constraint.
Objective – a measure of success. It is something that you expect to achieve, if given sufficient resources.
Constraint – something that will limit your flexibility in defining a solution to your objectives. Essentially, constraints cannot be changed.
What question is addressed during Requirement Analysis?How might the IS building blocks be used to identify requirements?
(a)“What do users need and want from a new sys?” (b)The IS building blocks can serve as a useful framework for documenting an IS requirements. Requirements can be defined in terms of PIECES framework or in terms of types of data, processes, and interfaces that must be included in the sys.
List the tasks required to complete the requirement analysis phase.
1.Identify and express the sys requirements 2.Prioritize sys requirements
3.Update or refine the Prj plan 4.Communicate the requirements statement
What is a sys model?
System model – a picture of a system that represents reality or a desired reality. Ultimately, the system model becomes the blueprint for designing and constructing an improved system.
Differentiate between logical & physical design.
Logical design – the translation of business user requirements into a system model that depicts only the business requirements and not any possible technical design or implementation of those requirements. Common synonyms include conceptual design and essential design.
Physical design – the translation of business user requirements into a system model that depicts a technical implementation of the users’ business requirements. Common synonyms include technical design or implementation model.
What is timeboxing? How is it related to requirement prioritizations?
Timeboxing – a technique that delivers information systems functionality and requirements through versioning. Prioritization of requirements can be facilitated using timeboxing.
What question is addressed during the decision analysis phase? How might the IS building blocks be used to identify requirements?
(a)The propose of this phase is to “Identify the candidate solutions, analyze them, and recommend a target sys”(b) The building blocks indicate our goal as developing a proposal that will fulfill requirements.
List the tasks required to complete the decision analysis phase.
1.Identify candidate solutions 2.Analyze candidate solutions
3.Compre candidate solutions 4.Update the Prj plan
5.Recommend a sys solution
Briefly describe 4 feasibility criteria.
Technical feasibility – Is the solution technically practical? Does our staff have the technical expertise to design and build this solution?
Operational feasibility – Will the solution fulfill the users’ requirements? To what degree? How will the solution change the users’ work environment? How do users feel about such a solution?
Economic feasibility – Is the solution cost-effective?
Schedule feasibility – Can the solution be designed and implemented within an acceptable time period?
What are three popular techniques for assessing economic feasibility?
1.Payback Analysis
2.Return On Investment
3.Net Present Value
Which one of the three techniques for assessing is most preferred by managers today?
Net Present Value is preferred cost-benefit technique by many managers especially those who have substantial business schooling. |
