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What is the difference between an information system and information technology?
Information System (IS) is an arrangement of people, data, process, and information technology that interact to collect, process, store, and provide as output the information needed to support an organization.
Information Technology is a contemporary term that describes the combination of computer technology (Software and Hardware) and the telecommunication technology (data, image, and voice networks).
Identify seven classes of the information systems.
1.Transaction Processing System (TPS) 2.Managment Information System (MIS) 3.Decision Support Systems (DSS) 4. Executive Information System (EIS) 5.Communication and Collaboration System 6.Office Automation System 7. Expert Systems
What are four perspectives which an IS can be viewed?
1.System Owners view 2.System Users view 3.System designers view 4.System Builders view
Who are the Stakeholder of the IS projects? Identify 5 groups of them.
A stakeholder is any person who has intrests in an existing or proposed IS. Stakeholders can be technical or nontechnical workers. They may also include internal & external workers. They can be identified in 5 groups as follows:
1.System Owners 2.System Users 3.System Designers 4.System Builders 5.System Analysts and additional stakeholders are : 1.External Service Providers (ESPs) 2.Project Managers
Define the Information Worker.
Are those workers whose jobs involve the creation, collection, processing, distribution, and use of information.
Give several examples of possible values and benefits of an IS.
1.Increase business profit 2.Reduced business costs 3.Costs and benefits of the system
4.Increased market share 5.Increased customer relation 6.Increased efficiency 7.Imporoved decision making 8.Better compliance with 9.Regulations 10.Fewer mistakes 11.Greater capacity
Briefly describe the roles of each stakeholder in system development.
System Owners: an information systems sponsor and executive advocate, usually responsible for funding the project of developing, operating, and maintaining the information system.
System users: a customer who will use or is affected by an information system on a regular basis capturing, validating, entering, responding to, storing, and exchanging data and information. Divided into two groups :Internal users and External users
System designer a technical specialist who translates system users business requirements and constraints into technical solution. She or he designs the computer databases, inputs, outputs, screens, networks, and software that will meet the system users requirements.
System builders a technical specialist who constructs information systems and components based on the design specifications generated by the system designers.
Systems analyst a specialist who studies the problems and needs of an organization to determine how people, data, processes, and information technology can best accomplish improvements for the business
Identify two classes of the system users, and give examples of each.
Internal Users: Clerical and service workers, technical and professional staff, supervisors, middle managers, and executive managers
External Users: Customers, suppliers, partners, employees (also referred to remote users or mobile users)
Give several examples of system designers (technical specialists) who may be involved in systems development.
Database Administrators, Network Architects, Web Architects, Graphic Artists, Security Experts, Technology Specialists.
Give several examples of system builders who may be involved in a system development project.
Application Programmers, System Programmers, Database Programmers, Network Administrators, Security Administrators, Webmasters, Software Integrators.
Differentiate between system analysts, programmer/analysts and business analysts.
Systems analyst a specialist who studies the problems and needs of an organization to determine how people, data, processes, and information technology can best accomplish improvements for the business.
A programmer/analyst (or analyst/programmer) includes the responsibilities of both the computer programmer and the systems analyst.
A business analyst focuses on only the non technical aspects of systems analysis and design
What is the system analyst role in systems development as it relates to other stakeholders?
The system analysts study both business problems and opportunities and then transform business and requirements into specifications for IS which will be implement by technical specialist including computer programmers. System analysts initiate changes within the org. i.e. finding new markets and services. The Systems Analyst as a Problem-Solver:
True problem situations, either real or anticipated, that require corrective action
Opportunities to improve a situation despite the absence of complaints
Directives to change a situation regardless of whether anyone has complained about the current situation
Where do the system analysts work?
1.For information services unit of an org. 2.Permanently assigned to a team that supports a specific business function 3.May be pooled and temporarily assigned to specific projects for any business function as needed 4.May work for smaller, departmental computing org. that support and report to their own specific business functions.
List several skills need by the systems analysts.
Working knowledge of information technology Computer programming experience and expertise
General business knowledge General problem-solving skills
Good interpersonal communication skills Good interpersonal relations skills
Flexibility and adaptability Character and ethics
What is an external service provider (ESP)? Give examples.
External Service Provider (ESP) a systems analyst, system designer, or system builder who sells his or her expertise and experience to other businesses to help those businesses purchase, develop, or integrate their information systems solutions; may be affiliated with a consulting or services organization. Examples include technology engineers, sales engineers, system consultants, contract programmers, and system integrators.
What is the role of the Project Manager in a system development project?
Project Manager an experienced professional who accepts responsibility for planning, monitoring, and controlling projects with respect to schedule, budget, deliverables, customer satisfaction, technical standards, and system quality.
Identify several business drivers that are influencing in todays ISs.
Globalization of the Economy Electronic Commerce and Business
Security and Privacy Collaboration and Partnership
Knowledge Asset Management Continuous Improvement and Total Quality Management
Business Process Redesign
Differentiate between electronic commerce and electronic business.
e-commerce: The buying and selling goods and services by using the Internet.
e-business: The use of the Internet to conduct and support day-to-day business activities.
Identify three basic types of e-commerce and e-business enabled IS applications.
Marketing of corporate image, products, and services (e-commerce)
Business-to-Consumer (B2C) Business-to-Business (B2B)
Differentiate between data, information, and knowledge.
Data raw facts about people, places, events, and things that are of importance in an organization.
Information data that has been processed or reorganized into a more meaningful form for someone.
Knowledge data and information that is further refined based on the facts, truths, beliefs, judgments, experiences, and expertise of the recipient.
What is the relationship between business processes and continuous process improvement (CPI)?
Continuous process improvement (CPI) The continuous monitoring of business processes to effect small but measurable improvements in cost reduction and value added.
What is the difference between CPI and TQM, and BPR?
Continuous process improvement (CPI) The continuous monitoring of business processes to effect small but measurable improvements in cost reduction and value added.
Total quality management (TQM) a comprehensive approach to facilitating quality improvements and management within a business.
Business process redesign (BPR) is the study, analysis, and redesign of fundamental business processes to reduce costs and/or improve value added to the business. More substantial changes and improvements than CPI and usually complemented by CPI.
List several technology drivers that are currently impacting ISs.
Networking and the Internet Mobile and wireless technologies
Object technologies Collaborative technologies
Enterprise applications
Defecate between Object technology and object-oriented analysis and design.
Object technology a software technology that defines a system in terms of objects that consolidate data and behavior (into objects).
Object-oriented analysis and design a collection of tools and techniques for systems development that will utilize object technologies to construct a system and its software.
Define agile development.
Agile development a system development strategy in which system developers are given the flexibility to select from a variety of tools and techniques to best accomplish the tasks at hand.
What is an enterprise application? Give examples.
i.e. Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Supply Chain Management (SCM), Financial Management, Marketing & Sales, Human Resources Management.
Briefly explain how companies are meeting the challenge of integrating existing legacy systems with new Apps like Enterprise Apps.
In old days companies preferred to completely redesign the core business IS Apps.But recognizing that basic Apps needed by most businesses were more similar than different, the solution ERP Apps was developed. An ERP solution is build around a common DB shared by common business functions. It provides the core IS functions for the entire business.
What is a System Development Process?
System development process a set of activities, methods, best practices, deliverables, and automated tools that stakeholders use to develop and maintain information systems and software.
Identify and breifly explain the four phases of the simplified system development proecess.
System Initiation: The initial planning for a rpoject to define initial business scope, goals, schedule, and budget.
System Analysis: The study of a business problem domain to recommend improvements and priorities for the solution.
System Design: The specification or construction of a technical, computer-based solution for the business requirements identified in a system analysis.
System Implementation: The construction, installing, testing, and delivery of a system into production.
Defferenciat between project and project managment.
Project Management: The activity of defining, planning, directing, monitoring and controlling a project to develope an acceptable system within the allotted time and budget
Briefly explain the difference between sequential versus iterative development.
In Sequential Development Process, each part of the entire IS is also an IS that at each level one must become complete- one after the other. Their sequential completion result in the developing the entire new IS so called a waterfall development.
In Iterrative or Incremental Development Process, requires completing enough analysis, design, and implementation as is necessary to fully develope a part of the new system and place into operation as fast as possible. Has versioning strategy so take shoter time for the system to deliver.
The ten commandment of computer ethics.
Thou shalt not use a computer to harm other people
Thou shalt not interfere with other peoples computer work.
Thou shalt not snoop around in other peoples computer files.
Thou shalt not use a computer to steal.
Thou shalt not use a computer to bear false witness.
Thou shalt not copy or use propertiary software for which you have not paid.
Thou shalt not use other peoples computer resources without authorization or proper compensation.
Thou shalt not apporpriate other peoples intellectual output.
Thou shalt think about the social consequences of the programm you are writing ot the system you are designing.
Thou shalt always use a computer in away that insure consideration and respect for your fellow humans.
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